Saturday, December 10, 2011

Map of Egypt

The Nile Delta and North Egypt

The Nile Valley from El-Minya to Giza

The pyramid of Saqqara the oldest stone building known. And the first royal tomb in history. Built between 2737 - 2717 BC. M. Is located in Saqqara. South of Giza at a distance of a mile from the cliff Saqqara. was originally designed for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by the Minister Amahotb in the form of six terraces above the tunnel descends to the burial site. Pyramid over six changes in the scheme before the completion of its present form.

This pyramid is the first building known memorial is made of stone in any place in the world. As is clear from its name, it is a series of six levels of stone decreasing in size until it reaches to a height 62 meters (200 feet). And a rectangular base, measuring 390-350 feet. Until that time, the terrace is the main form of tomb engineering and architecture. The pyramid the runway was originally started as a terrace, and was probably the original vision that not be the a pyramid. As to be a series of terraces, decreasing in size, and accumulation of the one at the top of the other.

Exterior :

Most of the outer shell of the pyramid disappeared. At some points, Sections of the main building also disappeared. It is clear that there were different stages of construction. The best form of the pyramid appears from the east side.

After the end of the construction of the third stage, the process began to make it a real pyramid. More than 200,000 tons of stone used to build 2 additional terraces and placed above the four, made a pyramid with six degrees. And then. Face of the white limestone Has been added. On the north side of the pyramid remain a few blocks from cover.

The internal structure :

The king's burial chamber built of granite. During the exploration period of 1924-1926, was found a statue Djoser in the burial chamber. The statue was distorted, but it is coherent, and is now displayed in the Cairo Museum.

Protectorates islands of River Nile - Cairo

Islands of the Nile River in the different Egyptian governorates is the nature Protectorates, and studies indicate that the number of these islands of 144 islands are found along the main stream from Aswan to the Delta Barrages 95 island with an area about 32,500 acres as there is in the Rosetta Branch 30 islands area of 3400 acres and in the Damietta branch 19 island with an area of 1,250 acres.

The total area of the islands of the Nile River, about 37,150 acres, equivalent to 155 km 2 and the these islands spread in 16 governorates and are important in maintaining the natural heritage, which is in the vegetation, birds, and some of the other wild animals.

• Nile River runs for about 6825 km from its sources to its mouth, and the Nile Basin covers an area of about 2.9 million km 2 of a total area of the River Nile Basin countries, about 8.9 million km 2.

• There is along the main stream from Aswan to Delta Barrage of 95 islands with an area about 32,500 acres.

• There is in the Rosetta branch of 30 island area of 3400 acres and in the Damietta branch 19 Island with an area 1250 acres.

• These islands are owned by the three laws are: - Law 178 of 1952, the Special to agrarian reform and the Law 100 of 1964, the Special to the property of the State and the Law 7 of 1991 the Special to the General Authority for Rehabilitation Projects and Agricultural Development.

• There are of these islands are part of a special local community, and registered to the citizens under the name' Almklvat' which the land had been allocated to people in compensation for land eroded by the movement of the flow of the Nile River , and another part was sold and became owned by the citizens , the Public Authority for Agrarian Reform has leased some of its property of the citizens in some of the these islands.

• There is some of these islands, traditional agriculture and residential buildings and , economic, tourist and recreational, educational facilities, and the role of worship and other types of occupancies

• Protectorates islands of River Nile is aimed at rationalizing the use of pesticides and agricultural chemicals to reduce pollutants discharged to waters of the Nile River and the and maintain beings of live wild animals and plants and the unique geological formations from the risk of deterioration leading to increased tourist attractions and increase the environmental awareness of the population of of these islands of the importance of preserved and the aesthetic appearance of it

Saturday, December 3, 2011

The Alexandria Library

The Alexandria Library

The Library of Alexandria .. Glorious past and a bright future when built by Ptolemy I. President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak Rebuilt it in its new form .Library of Alexandria,restore to the memory the glories glorious past through her coastal town and culture leadership - the Alexandria was with its famous library is the highest platform cultural of the ancient world . Inside the old library, there were cultural schools which overlapped and integrated in this time.From the ancient Library of Alexandria graduated scientists and thinkers of the biggest stars of thought, science and culture since more than twenty centuries twenty centuries, who enriched the heritage of the whole science from the land of Alexandria

The new Library of Alexandria was keen to be an extension of the old library in terms of cultural value for the era that found in it .It takes into account that the sections of the Library are a reflection of the multiculturalism.Library building includes halls to read equipped to accommodate eight million books, three museums, five research institutes and a center for conferences and numerous exhibitions

Has also established Peace Park in the library and includes 12 olive trees adorned with Statue of the Greek god of creativity, the Department of the Nobel gift from Scandinavian Assembly, Library of children and young adults for the child , the Museum of the History of Science,the Museum of the manuscripts and the Archaeological Museum.

Also The Cultural Foundation which includes 3 hotels for the reception of guests coming to the library from around the world .The library includes now about ten billion pages and about two thousand hours from the Egyptian and the American Television and a thousand film

As well as audio-book project, which now includes a wide range of written heritage, a project is very important especially for the Blind .To support the objectives of Library President Hosni Mubarak Issued Law No. 1 of 2001 which made the Library of Alexandria independent personal under the President of the Republic directlym,and be supervised by the missionaries, headed by the President and the Board of Trustees, chaired by Mrs. Mubarak, Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak

Alexandria genius of the place

Among the many many cities established by Alexander throughout the vast empire, the city of Alexandria in Egypt proved to be the greatest of inferior and kept over the time.Alexander's plan was the establishment of the city usually include the establishment of a Macedonian military garrison on the sets of the local population plus the Greek community .It is clear that these elements are available in the case of Alexandria, along with a group of Greeks who were settled at that time in Ngartis and Memphis the capital of Egypt, even then, it has become the city of Alexandria forum for a range of cultures and essential cultures in this time of the civilizations and cultures essential in this time.Alexandria, also enjoyed by other features contributed to its renaissance,Its location as a port on the Mediterranean gave her the opportunity to open up to other worlds

Friday, December 2, 2011

the Coptic Museum

The museum site

The Coptic Museum is located in Egypt's ancient city of Fustat, built by Amr bin Aas after the Islamic conquest of Egypt, and specifically at the subway station (Mar Girgis) within the borders of Fortress of Babylon and that there are its remnants behind the museum building, and construction began days of the Persians, but there be many additions in the reign of Alambratoren Romanians (August) and (Trajan).

A brief history of The museum

"Morcos Thmeekah Pasha" laying the basis of the Coptic Museum, in 1910, remained the property of Boutrkkhana until 1933 and then moved the museum to the ownership of the Egyptian state,and then attached by library

Contains some precious religious manuscripts. The museum was established in order to save a large group Coptic art and monuments that dating back to the other the period between the years 300 m and 1000 m years.
The exploratory voyages in the logic of Saqqara reveal two old monasteries, one of St. Apollon and the second of St. Jeremiah, where the original source,but the Coptic Museum is not supplied with it.

Information about the The museum

Should not overlook the role of the French scientist Maspero who has worked to gather works of Coptic art and dedicated room in the museum for him, , and later Morcos Thmeekah Pacha in 1893 asked that the group of Coptic monuments annexed to the the concerns of the Commission for the Conservation of Antiquities and Arts, and fought until he was able to establish the current building of the museum on a stop ground belonging to the Coptic Church , that Was opened in 1910 and he was appointed the first director of the museum . the Coptic Museum remained belonging to the Coptic Patriarchate until 1931 Until it became affiliated to the Ministry of Culture, then Thmeekah Pasha continued collecting rare pieces of old churches and ancient monasteries and palaces rich Christians . In 1947 He established a second suite of the museum consists of two floors

In 1966, the old suite was closed for restoration, and then reopened in 1984, but the museum was closed again after the earthquake of October 1992, ,and it has been restored.

The most important additions which have entered the museum is linking the old Suite with the new wing by corridor to be re-opened in June 2006, has been taken into account dividing it into 26 halls with the renewal of supply scenario.

The museum is characterized by the nature of Coptic art mixed with the ancient Egyptian tradition and Alhlinsah, Byzantine, Islamic, and combines the archaeological material and documents that help to study the history of Egypt since the advent of Christianity and even now ,where the number of museum collections around 16,000 pieces.

Of the most famous collections in the museum is a 3 pieces of wood the utmost importance in the study of sculpture between the fourth to sixth centuries, namely:
1 - the door of the Church of St. Barbara.
2 - the altar of the Church of Saints Sergius and Oakhos .

3 - high threshold had decorated one of the doors of the Hanging Church .

The Library

The hall Library, which includes ten thousand manuscript is one of the most important halls where it was equipped with methods protecting manuscripts from moisture and light recently.

And in the museum there are the monuments of the Ahnasia - one of the centers of the province of Beni Suef ,These monuments have views of the Greek myths Include Aphrodite, which was carved as if born outside of the shell and it has been replaced with the form of the cross out of its shell as a symbol for the beginning of new life after the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on the Cross.

The fourth hall of the museum

In the fourth hall of the museum there is the Cross in a sign (Ankh) known to us the key to life and there are pieces of bronze and shows an olive branch and crescent and the cross inside a tag (Ankh), which strongly suggests unity in ancient times.

The sixth hall of the museum

The sixth hall of the museum includes many of the paintings (or Orientals), which was attached to the walls and the walls of the museum before renovations, and in the hall Boit (a village near Assiut) there are Orientals in the walls have been restored by scientific means in addition to two panels one of the Virgin Mary and the other for the Lord Jesus Christ, and there is a special section of the famous archaeological Coptic textiles in the world so it named "Qubati" proportion to the Copts of Egypt.

There is also a room full of many of the murals from various places Either from the St. Aramean monastery ,Saqqara,The most notably is a Pictograph in Altmbra method

shows a scene of Jesus raising his right hand giving the blessing and The left hand holding the Bible and the two angels on both sides . the other unique panel of the Virgin Mar, breastfeeding the Christ.